Gamithromycin rhodococcus equi. zooepidemicus.

Gamithromycin rhodococcus equi. Dec 22, 2015 · Background Adverse effects of, and bacterial resistance to, macrolides used to treat Rhodococcus equi infections have prompted search for clinically effective alternative antimicrobials. In the Apr 20, 2013 · The current recommended treatment for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals is a combination of erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin with rifampicin. The combination of a macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin) with rifampin remains the recommended therapy for foals with clinical signs of infection caused by R equi. Jun 22, 2023 · Rhodococcus equi is responsible for foal pneumonia worldwide, with a significant economic impact on the production and breeding of horses. It is caused by Rhodococcus equi (formerly Corynebacterium equi), an opportunistic, ubiquitous soilborne bacterium. equi in vitro and decreases tissue concentrations of R. equi can be cultured from the environment of virtually all horse farms, the clinical disease in foals is endemic at some farms, sporadic at others, and unrecognized at many. In this clinical report we share Jan 25, 2015 · Gamithromycin might be an effective alternative to antimicrobial agents currently used for the treatment of foal pneumonia owing to its accumulation in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and phagocytic cells, as well as its in vitro activity against R. Recently, many novel approaches and ideas have been described and some of them were initially implemented into the clinical practice. Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive, facultative intracellular pathogen that is transmitted from mares to foals via intrauterine exposure. zooepidemicus (MIC90s = 1 and 0. Therapy includes the use of various group of chemotherapeutic Jan 1, 2015 · Animals One hundred and twenty‐one foals on a farm endemic for infections caused by Rhodococcus equi. Nov 23, 2017 · Summary Pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi is one of the most important causes of disease and death in foals. The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of gamithromycin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against Streptococcus equi subsp. Most foals with small, subclinical ultrasonographic pulmonary lesions associated with R equi recover without Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive, intracellular bacteria that causes chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia with abscessation in foals 1–5 months of age. zooepidemicus) and Rhodococcus equi. zooepidemicus) and Rhodococcus equi are the 2 most common causes of pneumonia in foals between 1 and 6 months of age. Although previous studies have demonstrated the in vitro activity of these antibiotics against Rhodococcus equi , the tested concentrations often do not reflect those achievable in foals. Rifampin concomitant therapies are for the prevention and treatment of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals, for nearly 40 years. A definitive diagnosis depends on culture of R Aug 12, 2022 · Rhodococcus equi infections: clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, and prevention discussed in detail for healthcare professionals. However, the prevalence of clinical disease varies from endemic on some farms to sporadic or unseen on others. Methods: Antimicrobial treatment options for Rhodococcus equi infections in foals, including effective drugs and therapeutic approaches, are discussed in detail. Anticoagulants (AC) used for plasma collection can negatively impact bacterial replication but their effect on R. This study highlights the limitations of current in vitro Intravenously injected gamithromycin was tolerated without any adverse drug reactions. Etiology of Nov 29, 2013 · Rhodococcus equi is a soil-dwelling pathogenic actinomycete that causes pulmonary and extrapulmonary pyogranulomatous infections in a variety of animal species and people. For treatment of internal abscesses. The protocols for treatment of equine pulmonary infections caused by Rhodococcus equi should be revised accordingly. Oct 19, 2017 · Rhodococcus equi, a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is one of the most important causes of disease in foals between 3 weeks and 5 months of age. equi,ultimately contributing to the development of optimized treatment strategies for R. v. On farms where the disease is endemic, costs associated with morbidity and mortality Nov 18, 2024 · Results: Time-kill curves with rifampicin or doxycycline demonstrated a reduction in R. This study reviews a variety of new May 1, 2011 · Request PDF | On May 1, 2011, L. Nov 29, 2013 · Rhodococcus equi is a soil-dwelling pathogenic actinomycete that causes pulmonary and extrapulmonary pyogranulomatous infections in a variety of animal species and people. 125 ?g/ml, respectively). R. The standard treatment typically involves a combination of rifampicin and a macrolide antibiotic. equi and its answerability for hypo-responsiveness to macrolides and rifampicin. . Equi Aug 19, 2025 · Adverse reactions to antibiotics when treating Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals – The list keeps growing This article relates to: Acute hepatitis and haemolysis associated with doxycycline and rifampin administration in two weanling foals Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in foals. (2012) also evaluated PK and pharmacodynamics of the drug in foals because gamithromycin might be useful in the treatment of Rhodococcus equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus infections in horses. equi infection in foals suffering from pneumonia. Young foals are particularly susceptible and develop a life-threatening pneumonic disease that is endemic at many horse-breeding farms worldwide. {36243} It reduces the number of pneumonic lesions in a bovine M. At the usual therapeutic concentrations, erythromycin is bacteriostatic and has a relatively narrow spectrum (including R. equi remains challenging due to its ability to persist and survive within alveolar macrophages. This study highlights Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen responsible for severe respiratory infections in foals, requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment. 27Giguѐre S, Lee E, Williams E, et al. Eighty-one foals with naturally acquired pneumonia caused by R. For many years Rhodococcus equi has remained one of the major health challenges in the equine breeding industry worldwide. The necessity of rifampin concomitant therapies is based on Rhodococcus equi, a well-known pathogen in equines, is now emerging as an important opportunistic pathogen of humans especially in immunocompromised subjects, such as HIV-infected individuals, causing the lung infection. IMPORTANCE Rhodococcus equiis a major cause of pneumonia in foals and represents a serious challenge for the equine sector due to the need for prolonged and some­ times ineffective antibiotic treatments. The combination of a macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin) with rifampin has been the recommended treatment for foals with clinical Mar 28, 2011 · The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of gamithromycin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi) remains the most common cause of subacute or chronic granulomatous bronchopneumonia in foals less than 5 months of age. D. On farms where the disease is endemic, costs associated with morbidity and mortality Definition Rhodococcus equi (R. Berghaus and others published PULMONARY DISPOSITION OF GAMITHROMYCIN IN FOALS AND IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF THE DRUG AGAINST RHODOCOCCUS EQUI AND STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI It can be concluded that healthy foals in a farm with endemic rhodococcosis shed the pathogen Rhodococcus equi and faecal samples appear to be a suitable method for detecting an R. Unacceptable Uses N/A Formulations Available within the OSU Pharmacy Azithromycin 20mg/ml oral suspension Azithromycin 250mg tablet Oct 2, 2014 · Pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi is an important cause of disease and death in foals. Jul 29, 2025 · Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen responsible for severe respiratory infections in foals, requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment. Although previous studies have demonstrated the in vitro activity of these antibiotics against Rhodococcus equi, the Jan 1, 2023 · Abstract Rhodococcus equi, a well-known pathogen in equines, is now emerging as an important opportunistic pathogen of humans especially in immunocompromised subjects, such as HIV-infected Feb 1, 2017 · Pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi remains an important cause of disease and death in foals. equi can be cultured from the environment of virtually all equine farms, the clinical Nov 4, 2014 · Rhodococcus equi is an important etiologic agent of respiratory- and non-respiratory tract infections, diseases of animals and humans. Jul 12, 2022 · Basic Information The combination of erythromycin and rifampin has been the treatment of choice for Rhodococcus equi infections in foals for many years. Although previous studies have demonstrated the in vitro activity of these The research studies gamithromycin’s effectiveness in treating bronchopneumonia in foals and found it equally effective as another treatment, Azithromycin with Rifampin, but with a higher rate of adverse reactions. zooepidemicus) and Rhodococcus equi are the most common causes of pneumonia in foals between 1 and 6 months of age. Mar 1, 2015 · The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of gamithromycin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against Streptococcus equi subsp Jan 2, 2023 · Rhodococcus equi is a soil saprophytic, Gram-positive, intracellular bacteria and one of the most common causes of pneumonia in foals worldwide. equi growth has not been evaluated. It is considered to be the most important cause of pneumonia in foals aged three we Mar 1, 2020 · Differences in Rhodococcus equi infections based on immune status and antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates in a case series of 12 patients and cases in the literature In spite of the fact that Rhodococcus equi is a recognized cause of chronic disease in animals and humans, few studies have focused on the sessile phenotype of R. CYP3A4) and transport proteins (e. Rhodococcus equi infection occurs randomly in middle-aged to older animals regardless of gender or breed. Jun 24, 2025 · In veterinary medicine, all rifampin use is extra-label (off-label) with the likely highest consumption for the prevention and treatment of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals (also known as Prescottella equi, and Rhodococcus hoagie or Rattles). In veterinary medicine, all rifampin use is extra- label (off- label) with the likely highest consumption for the prevention and treatment of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals (also known as Prescottella equi, and Rhodococcus hoagie or Rattles). 60 foals with bronchopneumonia and treated with gamithromycin were retrospectively divided into two treatment groups. equi can be cultured from the environment of virtually all horse farms, the clinical disease in foals is endemic at some farms, sporadic at others, and unrecogniz … The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy of azithromycin-rifampin, clarithromycin-rifampin, and erythromycin-rifampin for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals. Animals: One hundred and twenty-one foals on a farm endemic for infections caused by Rhodococcus equi. Extrapulmonary disease is not uncommon (see below). Etiology of Rhodococcus infection causes pyogranulomatous disease, typically suppurative pneumonia, lymphadenitis, and abscesses in other organs, and affects both animals and humans. 10 Intramuscular administration of gamithromycin to foals at a However, the clinical efficacy and safety of this drug have not been investigated. The aim of this research was to phenotypically characterize the biofilm development of R. Used in combination with rifampin for treatment of Streptococcus zooepidemicus pneumonia. equi were included in … Apr 19, 2017 · Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in foals. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro activities of azithromycin (AZM), clarithromycin (CLR), and 20 other antimicrobial agents against Rhodococcus equi and other common equine bacterial pathogens. A definitive diagnosis depends on culture of R Aug 1, 2025 · Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen responsible for severe respiratory infections in foals, requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment. 9–12 Early on, it was assumed that foals were infected closer to the development of clin-ical Giguu00e8re S. Research Methods A controlled, randomized, and double-blinded clinical trial was designed with a focus on foals suffering from bronchopneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi Feb 21, 2022 · Pneumonia in foals caused by the bacterium Rhodococcus equi has a worldwide distribution and is a common cause of disease and death for foals. Therapy includes the use of various group of chemotherapeutic agents, however re-sistance acquirement is quite common. Among the macrolides, tulathromycin was ineffective, while clarithromycin achieved bacterial elimination within 24 h under both extracellular and intracellular conditions. Summary: The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of adverse reactions and efficacy of i. Blood and tissue compartment concentrations are a "moving target" along the treatment course due to the complex pharmacodynamic interactions within the body. equi with limited Nov 1, 2011 · Rhodococcus equi, a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in foals. KEY POINTS The combination of a macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin) with rifampin remains the recommended therapy for foals with clinical signs of infection caused by Rhodococcus equi. Nov 1, 2011 · Rhodococcus equi, a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in foals. J. P-glycoprotein), as has been shown for rifampicin and clarithromycin. Gamithromycin is an antibiotic that is active against macrolide-resistant R. However, the clinical efficacy and safety of this drug have In veterinary medicine, all rifampin use is extra‐label (off‐label) with the likely highest consumption for the prevention and treatment of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals (also known as Prescottella equi, and Rhodococcus hoagie or Rattles). Although previous studies have demonstrated the in vitro activity of these antibiotics against Rhodococcus equi, the tested concentrations often do not reflect those achievable in foals. equi is a facultative intracellular parasite of macrophages that replicates Jan 2, 2023 · Rhodococcus equi pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals. Clinical signs are mild and nonspecific early in the course of disease but become more pronounced as pneumonia progresses and include cough, fever, lethargy, and increased respiratory effort. A total of 201 bacterial isolates The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of gamithromycin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against Streptococcus equi subsp. 2, 3 Although R. Appropriate aseptic sample collection technique is also important in this light to avoid sample contamination and overtreatment. 2, 3 In the absence of an effective vaccine, control of infections caused by R. Despite its in vitro susceptibility to multiple antibiotics, the in vivo eradication of intracellular R. Gamithromycin and azithromycin exhibited bactericidal activity only in extracellular conditions Standard treatment of foals with severe abscessing lung infection caused by Rhodococcus equi using rifampicin and a macrolide antibiotic can be compromised by extensive inhibition and/or induction of drug metabolising enzymes (e. {36245} Jun 24, 2025 · In veterinary medicine, all rifampin use is extra-label (off-label) with the likely highest consumption for the prevention and treatment of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals (also known as Prescottella equi, and Rhodococcus hoagie or Rattles). Aug 19, 2025 · Adverse reactions to antibiotics when treating Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals – The list keeps growing This article relates to: Acute hepatitis and haemolysis associated with doxycycline and rifampin administration in two weanling foals Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA Rifampin is an enigma among antimicrobials. Over the past decade, control of R. It works by inhibiting the production of protein by susceptible bacteria. equi Drugs with the highest in vitro activity against R. Effectiveness of LG treatment of foals with R. A single dose of gamithromycin (6 mg/kg of body … Oct 27, 2025 · C. The resistance Feb 14, 2022 · Objective The efficacy of Rhodococcus equi -specific hyperimmune plasma (HIP) is usually evaluated in vitro. Most foals with small, subclinical ultrasonographic pulmonary lesions associated with R equi recover without Pferd Pneumonie bei Fohlen Die pharmakokinetischen Daten einer Studie mit Fohlen belegen die vorteilhafte Wirkung von Gamithromycin gegen eine durch Rhodococcus equi und Streptokokkus zooepidemicus hervorgerufene Pneumonie. equi in experimentally infected mice. equi counts by more than 3 log10 CFU/mL. This study aimed to assess in vitro Introduction Rhodococcus equi causes life-threatening respiratory disease in foals. m. It is found worldwide and is a pathogen of major importance to equine breeding activities. Jan 25, 2015 · Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in foals in the United States. The resistance Mar 19, 2017 · Intravenously injected gamithromycin was tolerated without any adverse drug reactions. equi at endemic farms relies on early detection of disease using thoracic Rhodococcus infection causes pyogranulomatous disease, typically suppurative pneumonia, lymphadenitis, and abscesses in other organs, and affects both animals and humans. Rhodococcus equi causes life-threatening respiratory disease in foals. Used in combination with rifampin for treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. This gram-positive intracellular bacterial pathogen is normally present in the environment and in the manure of herbivores, making control and prevention extremely difficult. Intravenously injected gamithromycin was tolerated without any adverse drug reactions. Rhodococcus equi (R equi) remains the most common cause of subacute or chronic granulomatous bronchopneumonia in foals less than 5 months of age. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarise re Jul 29, 2024 · Some of the horse pathogens, such as Rhodococcus equi, can infect immunocompromised humans and lead to the development of respiratory lesions [50]. Aug 1, 2023 · Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen and a soil saprophyte, is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in young foa… Gamithromycin was noninferior to azithromycin with rifampin for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in the study population but had a higher frequency of adverse reactions. Key words: Macrolide; Pneumonia; Rhodococcus equi. (2010) described in cattle. equi based on MIC are clarithromycin, rifampin, imipenem, telithromycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, apramycin, vancomycin, azithromycin, gamithromycin, doxycycline, enro oxacin, and linezolid (Table 1). The aim of this study was to establish the effect that AC routinely used in veterinary medicine (ACD, K 2 EDTA, Li Heparin, and Na Mar 16, 2021 · Recently, a study demonstrated that a policy change to treat foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in the later stage of the disease reduced antimicrobial usage without increasing mortality (Arnold-Lehna et al. Rhodococcus equi is a major cause of pneumonia in young horses and a common opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised humans (1). Immunosuppressed people, cats, camelids, and dogs are also suscepti-ble to infection. Despite its in vitro susceptibility to multiple antibiotics, the in vivo eradication of The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of gamithromycin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against Streptococcus equi subsp. Sep 29, 2016 · Rhodococcus equiis a Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that primarily infects macrophages. Concentrations of gamithromycin in plasma, pulmonary Jul 29, 2025 · methodologies to assess antibiotic efficacy against R. The bacteria are ubiquitous and can be cultured from the environment of virtually all horse farms. equi can also be cultured from a large variety of extrapulmonary sites of infectio PATHOGENESIS OF RHODOCOCCUS EQUI R equi does not affect adult horses unless these are immunocompromised. Pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi remains an important cause of disease and death in foals. Keywords: Rhodococcus equi; drug-drug interaction; gamithromycin; healthy foals; horse; lung distribution; rifampicin. To date there is no preferred treatment protocol for infections caused by isolates resistant to macrolides and rifampicin. To date, which specific age-related factors are responsible for this susceptibility remains to be determined. Much effort has been made to identify preventative measures and new treatments for R. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus. equi. 2020). Nov 18, 2024 · Introduction: Rhodococcus equi causes life-threatening respiratory disease in foals. Hypothesis: Gamithromycin is effective for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in foals. Determination of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to macrolide antimicrobials or rifampin in Rhodococcus equi isolates and treatment outcome in foals infected with antimicrobial-resistant isolates of R. equi as an intracellular path … Jun 22, 2023 · Abstract Rhodococcus equi is responsible for foal pneumonia worldwide, with a significant economic impact on the production and breeding of horses. Infection in both foals and people is most commonly characterized by Dec 14, 2017 · Background Standard treatment of foals with severe abscessing lung infection caused by Rhodococcus equi using rifampicin and a macrolide antibiotic can be compromised by extensive inhibition and/or Sep 29, 2016 · Rhodococcus equiis a Gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that primarily infects macrophages. equi has also emerged as a common opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised people, especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (1 – 3). 1 Gram‐positive bacteria, such as Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. A single dose of gamithromycin (6 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intramuscularly. equi infection in foals in Chile. This study aimed to assess in vitro Jul 29, 2025 · Rhodococcus equi is a major cause of pneumonia in foals and represents a serious challenge for the equine sector due to the need for prolonged and sometimes ineffective antibiotic treatments. gamithromycin for the treatment of foal bronchopneumonia on a farm endemic for infections caused by Rhodococcus equi. However, with the exception of the use of hyperimmune plasma for the prevention of the disease (Martens et al. Weitere Studien für diesen Einsatzbereich sind jedoch notwendig ( Berghaus 2012a). In Chile, the first case was reported in 2000, and since then, its incidence has been increasing. g. Jan 25, 2015 · Vet Microbiol 2013; 166: 670 – 675. These authors obtained similar PK variables and parameters as Huang et al. {36244} Formulations containing gamithromycin have been used to treat bovine respiratory diseases. zooepidemicus) and Rhodococcus equi are the most common causes of pneumonia in foals between 1 and 6 months Jun 22, 2023 · This study was designed to obtain in vitro susceptibility values of pathogenic R. haemolytica challenge model at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Abbreviations AZM azithromycin GAM gamithromycin IM intramuscular MIC minimum inhibitory concentration RIF rifampin Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in foals in the United States. equi and S. Although R. administration of gamithromycin compared to i. It is considered to be the most important cause of pneumonia in foals aged three we methodologies to assess antibiotic efficacy against R. Material and Methods Jun 16, 1997 · Since the 1986 Rhodococcus equi workshop, there have been major breakthroughs in understanding the epidemiology of, the virulence of, and the immune response to, this intriguing pathogen. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 237: 74 – 81. This study highlights = Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Gamithromycin was noninferior to azithromycin with rifampin for the treatment of bronchopneumonia in the study population but had a higher frequency of adverse reactions. Distinctive characteristics of R. MIC and MBC of Drugs Used Against R. 1 ,2 This disease continues to have a major financial impact on the horse industry due to the cost and labor associated with treatment and prevention strategies and the lack of a commercial vaccine. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. Frequency of Rhodococcus equi strains in relation to their minimal inhibitory concentrations and median, MIC 50, and MIC range values of azithromycin, rifampicin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, amikacin, tildipirosin, and gamithromycin were tabulated. , … Conclusion: The plasma exposure of gamithromycin is significantly increased by co-administration of rifampicin which is most likely caused by inhibition of hepatic elimination. equi is a facultative intracellular parasite of macrophages that replicates Macrolides combined with rifampin remain a mainstay of treatment for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals, because of their synergistic effects on bacteria; however, drug-drug interactions may decrease overall treatment efficacy because of alterations of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of macrolides. Liposomal gentamicin (LG) is effective against R. equi strains to azithromycin, rifampicin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, amikacin, tildipirosin, and gamithromycin based on their MIC values in order to contribute to the development of an effective treatment for R. Rhodococcus equi is an important etiologic agent of res-piratory- and non-respiratory tract infections, diseases of animals and humans. This article reviews current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of R equi pneumonia in foals. 1 Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. Background Standard treatment of foals with severe abscessing lung infection caused by Rhodococcus equi using rifampicin and a macrolide antibiotic can be compromised by extensive inhibition and/or CABI Digital Library Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive, intracellular bacteria that causes chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia with abscessation in foals 1–5 months of age. equiinfections in foals. equi infections at many horse farms to which the disease is endemic has relied on early detection of subclinical pulmonary disease by use of thoracic ultrasonography and initiation of treatment with antimicrobial drugs before Mar 28, 2011 · The objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of gamithromycin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against Streptococcus equi subsp. equi pneumonia Jun 1, 2013 · Berghaus et al. Jan 27, 2015 · Background Gamithromycin is active in vitro against the bacterial agents most commonly associated with bronchopneumonia in older foals. The combination of rifampicin with the new, poorly Frequency of Rhodococcus equi strains in relation to their minimal inhibitory concentrations and median, MIC50, and MIC range values of azithromycin, rifampicin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, amikacin, tildipirosin, and gamithromycin were tabulated. Material and methods Oct 18, 2020 · The aim of this review was to summarize studies on equine rhodococcosis over the last decade. 4iv axm df tpg jd1f x9rdruk ul7bls vj6g hnyfcg boluvh