Throughput of scheduling algorithms This Apr 17, 2024 · Overview CPU scheduling is the task performed by the CPU that decides the way and order in which processes should be executed. It plays a crucial role in allocating resources efficiently in wireless systems by deciding which users will be active in a given time-slot. - Criteria for comparing scheduling algorithms Scheduling Algorithms Criteria for comparing scheduling algorithms CPU Utilization: the percentage of time when the CPU is busy Throughput: the number of processes completed per unit of time Turnaround time: the total time the process takes from initialization to completion (including waiting time) Mar 26, 2017 · How do we measure the throughput of a scheduling algorithm? In every algorithm,the total time will be the sum of the burst times. In other words throughput is the processes executed to number of jobs completed in a unit of time. The goal of disk scheduling algorithms is to maximize the throughput and minimize the Scheduling criteria Why do we care? What goals should we have for a scheduling algorithm? Objectives To introduce CPU scheduling, which is the basis for multiprogrammed operating systems To describe various CPU-scheduling algorithms To discuss evaluation criteria for selecting a CPU-scheduling algorithm for a particular system. Apr 10, 2025 · In particular, we study the throughput aspect in LLM inference systems. . These are proprietary, not specified in any standard, but a ‘clever’ scheduler is essential for any successful network product. Scheduling algorithms play an important role in wireless links to guarantee quality of service (QoS) parameters such as throughput, delay, jitter, fairness and packet loss rate. The criteria the CPU takes into consideration while "scheduling" these processes are - CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, and response time. Burst time, Arrival time, Exit time, Response time, Waiting time, Turnaround time, and Throughput. More generally, throughput is just a measure of how much “work” we’re getting done per unit of time. We prove that a large class of ’work-conserving’ scheduling algorithms can achieve maximum throughput for both individual requests and AI-agent workloads, highlighting ’work-conserving’ as a key design principle in practice. Maximum throughput scheduling is a procedure for scheduling data packets in a packet-switched best-effort network, typically a wireless network, in view to maximize the total throughput of the network, or the system spectral efficiency in a wireless network. If differentiated or guaranteed quality of service is offered, as opposed to best-effort communication, weighted fair queuing may be utilized. Aug 12, 2024 · Maximize CPU utilization: CPU utilization is the main task in which the operating system needs to make sure that CPU remains as busy as possible. Aug 25, 2025 · CPU scheduling is essential for the system's performance and ensures that processes are executed correctly and on time. What is CPU Scheduling? Before Aug 1, 2023 · Introduction When it comes to managing a computer’s resources efficiently, CPU scheduling plays a vital role. Sep 12, 2023 · Join now & learn the foundations of the operating system. Scheduling algorithms can be preemptive and non-preemptive. The scheduling algorithm must look to maximize the number of jobs processed per time unit. ResponseTime - Average time elapsed from when process is submitted until useful output is obtained. In this article, we will delve into four fundamental scheduling algorithms: First-Come, Scheduler algorithms Independent of whether cooperative or preemptive scheduling is used, there exist many algorithms the scheduler may use to determine which job is to be scheduled next. In particular, we study the throughput aspect in LLM inference systems. A (very select) number of algorithms are given here. Scheduling Criteria CPU utilization – keep the CPU as busy as possible Throughput – # of processes that complete their execution per time unit Turnaround time – amount of time to execute a particular process Waiting time – amount of time a process has been waiting in the ready queue Apr 10, 2025 · In this paper, we aim to develop the queuing fundamentals for large language model (LLM) inference, bridging the gap between the queueing theory and LLM system communities. So, when the CPU is busy executing the process, at that time, work is being done, and the work completed per unit time is called Throughput. The main goal of scheduling algorithms in OS is to Maximize Throughput. Mar 18, 2024 · In terms of CPU scheduling, there are some important metrics such as throughput, CPU utilization, turnaround time, waiting time, and response time. Throughput - Number of processes completed / time unit. This is important because a CPU can only handle one task at a time, but there are usually many tasks that need to be processed. So In particular, we study the throughput aspect of LLM inference systems. The data scheduler exists in the base station (gNB), at the MAC layer Sep 12, 2023 · Join now & learn the foundations of the operating system. We prove that a large class of 'work-conserving' scheduling algorithms can achieve maximum throughput for individual inference LLM engine, highlighting 'work-conserving' as a key design principle in practice. However, for the RTOS, it can be range from 40 percent for low-level and 90 percent for the high-level system. Aug 13, 2019 · In the context of operating system scheduling algorithms, throughput refers to the number of jobs completed per unit of time. Many criteria have been suggested for comparing CPU scheduling algorithms. Jan 20, 2021 · This article aims to review the studies on the CPU scheduling algorithms towards comparing which is the best algorithm. Response time − Response time is the time taken to start responding to the Dec 22, 2016 · How to calculate throughput of a process scheduling algorithm Asked 8 years, 9 months ago Modified 8 years, 9 months ago Viewed 2k times The simplest best-effort scheduling algorithms are round-robin, fair queuing (a max-min fair scheduling algorithm), proportionally fair scheduling and maximum throughput. As the CPU is the heart of a computer system, effective CPU scheduling algorithms are crucial for optimizing performance, improving Jun 1, 2016 · Disk scheduling is a policy of operating system to decide which I/O request is going to be satisfied foremost. Oct 11, 2025 · CPU scheduling is a process used by the operating system to decide which task or process gets to use the CPU at a particular time. Moreover for a switch with finite buffer-size, the algorithm allows for a graceful trade-off between running time and performance, which we verify by representative simulation results. Scheduling criteria Why do we care? What goals should we have for a scheduling algorithm? Throughput − Throughput is the amount of work completed in a unit of time. Scheduling Criteria CPU utilization – keep the CPU as busy as possible Throughput – # of processes that complete their execution per time unit Turnaround time – amount of time to execute a particular process Waiting time – amount of time a process has been waiting in the ready queue Next, we propose and analyze a throughput-optimal, iterative and distributed scheduling algorithm influenced by Max-Product Belief Propagation [4], [5]. Oct 15, 2025 · Learn the concepts central to CPU scheduling and how they are used in different scheduling algorithms. 4G network has the highest throughput compared with that of 3G. Next, we propose and analyze a throughput-optimal, iterative and distributed scheduling algorithm influenced by Max-product belief propagation. Recently the problem of efficient transmission over multi-hop wireless networks has been formu-lated as that of finding an appropriate schedule over the grid-graph abstraction of the network. A scheduling system allows one process to use the CPU while another is waiting for I/O, thereby making full use of otherwise lost CPU cycles. In the world of operating systems, CPU scheduling is the process of determining which tasks or processes should be executed by the CPU at a given time. A scheduling algorithm is defined as a set of rules that determines which task to execute at a specific moment. Successful scheduling algorithms can effectively improve system efficiency and stability. ? Waittime - Average time a process spends in the run queue. It can range from 0 to 100 percent. Scheduling algorithms play a vital role in determining the order in which processes are executed on a CPU. Aug 12, 2024 · Throughput: The number of processes that finish their execution per unit time is known Throughput. e. A key feature of the multi-hop wireless Jul 31, 2025 · Understanding Scheduling Algorithms: FCFS, SJF, RR, and Priority As a developer, understanding process scheduling is crucial to optimizing performance and resource utilization in operating systems. The results average throughput of 3G and 4G using different scheduling algorithms are as shown in Figure 3. CPU Scheduling Algorithms CPU Scheduling is a process that allows one Nov 3, 2019 · In this blog, we will learn about various types of times that we come across during using some CPU scheduling algorithms i. In particular, we study the throughput aspect of LLM inference systems. Throughput: The number of processes that finish their execution per unit time is known Throughput. SJF is a benchmarking algorithm as it provides minimum waiting time than any other scheduling algorithm Comparative Analysis of Different CPU Scheduling Algorithms Here is a brief comparison between different CPU scheduling algorithms: The simplest best-effort scheduling algorithms are round-robin, fair queuing (a max-min fair scheduling algorithm), proportionally fair scheduling and maximum throughput. Different CPU scheduling algorithms have other properties and the choice of a particular algorithm depends on various factors. Scheduling Criteria CPU utilization – keep the CPU as busy as possible Throughput – # of processes that complete their execution per time unit Turnaround time – amount of time to execute a particular process Waiting time – amount of time a process has been waiting in the ready queue May 22, 2023 · By Juha Korhonen, 3GPP MCC Scheduling of data transmissions is a very important part of mobile networks, with the performance of a network’s data throughput depending on scheduling algorithms. Conclusion Scheduling algorithms tell the CPU which will be the next process to have CPU time. and the same number of tasks will get executed in that time. The analysis of the fairness and throughput tables and plots, show how scheduling algorithms significantly impact both the fairness of resource distribution and the achievable throughputs in complex 5G deployment scenarios. There are two types of CPU scheduling - Preemptive, and non-preemptive. Nov 12, 2024 · This analysis includes a state diagram to visually compare how these algorithms allocate CPU resources, providing insights into their decision-making processes. ? - Criteria for comparing scheduling algorithms Scheduling Algorithms Criteria for comparing scheduling algorithms CPU Utilization: the percentage of time when the CPU is busy Throughput: the number of processes completed per unit of time Turnaround time: the total time the process takes from initialization to completion (including waiting time) Mar 26, 2017 · How do we measure the throughput of a scheduling algorithm? In every algorithm,the total time will be the sum of the burst times. Jul 23, 2025 · Note: The SJF scheduling algorithm is hypothetical and un-implementable, as it is impossible to determine the burst time of any process without running it. In a simple system running a single process, the time spent waiting for I/O is wasted, and those CPU cycles are lost forever. Dec 26, 2024 · Scheduling algorithm is an important part of CPU work and plays a key role in the program system. In the scope of this tutorial, we’re going to examine some scheduling algorithms in terms of turnaround time and response time. zuhy8i kz8d lrqyl 0ox fad0ou pb4sye8 nu b2 1p co